-Orthodontia covers diagnostic treatment and prophylaxis of occlusion disturbance and investigates the causes of such abnormalities.
Nowadays modern orthodontia disposes a wide range of remedial equipment which is divided on overdenture and fixed.

To the overdenture equipment belong so-called plates which help to initiate the growth of jaw and create additional place for cutting tooth and it also helps to normalize their position.
 

Such plates are used in the dynamic growth stage from 6 to 12 years old.
After 12 years old fixed orthodontia equipment is becoming more efficient – braces

Braces consist of the basic elements:
• Braces. They can be metal, plastic, sapphire, golden and lingual.
• Bands. They are put on molars (grinders, the 6th and the 7th if to count from the middle). Often instead of bands, locks are latched on these teeth.
• Arches. The variety of arches exists but their main function is to elastic recovery.
• Ligatures. With the help of them arch is link to the braces. They can be elastic (color and transparent) and metal.

A brace is the base of such system.    Nowadays the following braces exist:  - alloying, those which restrain the arch with the help of elastic or metal alloying. -selfregulated or ligatureless, those which restrain the arch with the help of special lock,

allowing the arch to work out resource leveling of teeth for100%

Besides, braces can contain additional elements: • Elastic chain • Springs • Intermaxillary elastics (elastics) • Knob

The tooth as any other object in this world is situated in 3 planes. Correspondingly certain norms of its position exist. For example a group of scientists examined a great number of people with ideal occlusion and defined figures of norms disposition of each tooth. From now on norms of the definite tooth are put in braces construction. That’s why brace for the top right canine doesn’t suit to any other tooth, except the top right canine. Orthodontist cement brace on each tooth, by the way, cement it in such a way that brace should be on the center of the tooth length, on a certain altitude and that apical axis of a brace should coincide with apical axis of tooth. This is really a hack. If all the rules will be observed than with the help of arches the tooth sooner or later will stand in the position which is typical for the teeth in ideal occlusion.

Braces are cemented on a special material. Firstly you should wash teeth with the brush in order to dismiss dental calculus than mouth rinsing with special solution for stronger fixation of braces and only after that we can cement a brace with the applied material. That’s why there is no decay formation under the braces. None of microorganism is able to rub through such torture. Besides the material under the braces pressuretight closed tooth surface and even sometimes it contains fluorine.

Metal braces can be external (buccal, vestibular) and internal (lingual).
 

Esthetic external (transparent) can be plastic, ceramic and sapphire. Sapphire braces are made from the cultured pearls of sapphire. Their advantage is that in time they do not gain stains as do the plastic braces, especially if the patient adores coffee. Besides coefficient of light refraction in sapphire is the same as saliva has it means that braces will be almost invisible for the others. They are pretty fragile so it requires very careful doctor’s work.

 Band consists of the metal band encircled the tooth and soldered brace to it. Bands are adjusted by size the same as we do with out clothes.

Separators. Before trying to put a band special rubbers must be inserted. Swelling in the humid condition during several days this rubbers insignificantly separate teeth making room for bands that’s why bands fitting is not damaging. When the band size will be determined it is fixed on a tooth with the help of cement previously brushing away dental calculus.
 

Arches — that “the 5th element” without which braces system doesn’t work. Arches are prepared from different materials with high technologies appliance. They can be different in thickness and elasticity.
Firstly, soft arches are fixed for the treatment to be not damaging for teeth and painless for a patient. In this period a patient marks significant improvement of his/her smile, so-called primary alignment is taking place. Then arches are gradually changed for harder ones till it doesn’t reach the hardest arch.
 

Ligatures. Name comes from the Latin word Ligamentum (ligament), as the main ligatures function is arch and braces linking. Ligatures can be elastic (color or transparent) as well as metal. Arch ligament is not the only function of metal ligatures. For example by means of metal ligature teeth are linking for more firm retention.

In passing on harder arches we apply additional elements.

Elastic chain is used to close space between teeth or move a tooth on a significant distance (as usual it is canine).
Springs are divided on those which separate teeth giving the place to the other tooth (springs, working when pressed).
 

Intermaxillary elastics are used to create the right contacts between teeth of upper and lower jaw п. As a rule it should be wear 12 hours per day. You should put them for the night and then during the day you can wear out it 12 hours more. Sometimes there are situations when orthodontist can ask patient to wear braces 24 hours per day, but hardly ever it happens.

Knobs are cemented as well as braces and are used by orthodontist in several cases. For example, in order to use premaxillary elastics from the inner tooth side. Or when non-erupted tooth is necessary to get in time. Then surgeon bares a cap of such tooth and orthodontist cement knob to the cap because to cement brace at that stage is very complicated (or even impossible).

Among unchanged symbols of success the crucial part occupies beautiful smile. The proud owners of a white-toothed wonder confidently conducting dialogues with the world and the world return affection. It is the general truth that a smile is unspoken but the most important point in the application form of any employer. Each of us wants our children all sorts of joys, happiness and success in personal and professional life. You are able to provide this success even today. Changing “asperities” of a young smile you can bring in positive corrections in your children’s further life. Not mentioning health which largely depends on the occlusion “quality” and correct teeth development.